建设期环境监理实践与相关问题思考

在环境管理制度中,对应项目建设前期及竣工环境保护验收两个阶段的环保审批和竣工验收制度已基本成熟,但是施工阶段的环境管理尚处于探索期。从环境监理概念出发,总结了环境监理的发展过程以及其法律法规体系,认为当前是我国环境监理的第二发展阶段。同时,以江苏淮阴发电有限公司300MW机组的环境监理工作为案例,从设计阶段、施工阶段、试生产阶段等方面,全面分析了燃煤电厂环境监理的具体实践工作,突出了燃煤电厂环境监理容易忽视的六个问题。最后对于当前环境监理存在的五个重要方面进行了思考与建议,包括环境监理的法律法规体系、环境监理的运作模式、工程监理和环境监理的责权利划分、环境监理资质申请等。     

基于CNKI数据库的植物与昆虫关系研究文献计量分析

分析植物与昆虫的复杂关系是中国生物学研究的重要内容,虽然目前国内学者倾向于将相关论文发表在国外期刊上,但自始至终国内期刊仍是本领域科研成果的主阵地.随着开展植物与昆虫关系的研究日益增多,尚缺乏系统梳理本领域国内期刊论文的相关研究.为此,利用CiteSpace软件对1953—2020年CNKI数据库收录学术论文的年度发文...     

利用现有设备和技术控制燃煤烟气汞污染研究进展

就当前国内外利用现有气体净化设备和传统的脱汞技术进行燃煤电站汞污染控制研究进展进行了综述,并对各类设备与技术的脱汞特点进行了比较和分析,提出了适合我国国情的研究方向建议。     

温度对生态浮床系统的影响

通过构建生态浮床净化临江河重污染河水,全面考察了温度对浮床系统的影响.结果表明,温度对生态浮床系统有明显的影响作用,对生态浮床系统氮、磷净化效果的影响呈抛物线型.在水温为2~29℃时,生态浮床对TN和TP的去除率随温度的增加而明显增加;当水温超过29℃时,系统对TN和TP的去除率随温度的增加呈下降趋势;且温度对TN去除效果的影响要大于对TP的影响.研究表明,浮床系统的最佳运行水温为25~29℃,此时浮床植物的平均株高为209.9cm,对氮、磷的平均累积量分别为69.84,19.73g/m2;浮床对TN和TP的去除率分别为38.7%~44.1%和38.6%~43.6%.     

云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究

物种特有现象的研究具有重要的区系地理学和保护生物学意义。利用大尺度的植物物种分布信息,探讨了云南地区中国种子植物特有属的科、属组成,区系性质及其地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区拥有中国种子植物特有属125属,分属于59科,共含种子植物246种,是中国种子植物特有属的重要分布地区之一。含特有属较多的科主要为菊科Compositae、苦苣苔科Gesnefiaceae、伞形科Umbelliferae、禾本科Gramineae和唇形科Labiatae。从各属所包含的物种数来看,单型属占主体地位。根据科的分布区类型构成,云南地区中国种子植物特有属主要起源于热带地区。从属的生活型构成来看,主要以草本植物属为主,而木本植物属所占比重相对较小,暗示着研究区域内特有属的区系兼有年轻成分和古老成分,但以年轻成分为主。从空间分布格局来看,特有属主要分布在“田中线”以东地区。与过去的研究结果不同,我们发现云南地区拥有3个重要的特有属分布中心和3个次级分布中心。     

修复植物热解过程中重金属元素迁移行为研究

在管式炉反应器中研究了重金属土壤修复植物长香谷稻秆中Cd、Pb、Mn、Cu和Zn在不同温度、停留时间和反应气氛下的迁移行为,结果表明：在低于元素挥发的温度热解时,固体残渣中重金属元素的富集倍数随温度的升高而增加;在元素挥发的温度热解时,该元素在固体残渣中的富集倍数随着停留时间的延长而减少;800℃以上CO2气氛比N2气氛更有利于Mn、Cu和Zn在热解残渣中富集。选择合适的热解条件能够达到将原料减容减重并富集其中特定重金属元素的目的。     

梯级河滩湿地模型对受污染河水氮磷和CODCr的净化效果

在贾鲁河畔构建3组并联的梯级河滩湿地模型,引种9种不同类型的湿地植物进行筛选试验,将湿地模型串联运行比较研究3种不同植物配置的梯级湿地对受污染河水的净化效果,在此基础上设定12h和24h等两组不同水力滞留时间,研究延长滞留时间对水质净化效果的影响。试验结果表明：对氮磷和有机物的去除效果挺水植物明显好于沉水植物,其中茭草（Zizania caduciflora）、荆三棱（Scirpus fluviatilis）和狭叶香蒲（Typha angustifolia）去除效果最好;沉水植物和挺水植物对氨氮的去除表现好于浮叶植物;延长水力滞留时间对改善水质净化效果明显,滞留时间由12h延长到24h后,TN、TP、氨氮和CODCr去除率分别提高10.2%、21.7%、30.2%和12.9%,对氨氮的净化效果改善最为明显;挺水植物＋沉水植物＋浮叶植物组合较单纯挺水植物组合在对氨氮和TN去除效果方面表现出较明显的优势,主要是由于不同类型湿地植物所营造的好氧、厌氧环境提高了对氨氮和TN去除效果。研究结果证明在湿地植被组建中,根据进水水质,应灵活选择植物种类,进行合理的植物配置,可提高湿地的净化效果。     

Eight nonnative plants in western Oregon forests: Associations with environment and management

Nonnative plants have tremendous ecological and economic impacts on plant communities globally, but comprehensive data on the distribution and ecological relationships of individual species is often scarce or nonexistent. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of vegetation type, climate, topography, and management history on the distribution and abundance of eight selected nonnative plant taxa in forests in western Oregon. These eight taxa were selected as being reliably detected by a multi-resource inventory of 1127 systematically-placed plots on nonfederal forest lands from 1995 to 1997 by the USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. One or more of the eight nonnative taxa studied were found on 20% of the sampled subplots in the study area, but relatively few stands were dominated by them. Overall abundance of nonnative taxa was likely much greater, because few composites and graminoids were identified to species in this general-purpose inventory. Distribution of most taxa was more closely associated with low density of overstory trees than with climate. Nonnative taxa were significantly more abundant in stands that had been recently clearcut or thinned than in stands that had not. Frequencies of several taxa decreased with elevation, which may reflect proximity to source populations and intensive land use rather than any climatic constraints. Although the greatest potential for displacement of native forest species appears to be in early-successional communities, the potential for spread of some shade-tolerant evergreen shrubs also seems high.     

湖南省资源结构及其产业对策

资源是区域经济发展的基础，资源结构是区域产业结构赖以形成的重要条件。区域产业是经济发展的载体，它不仅支持着区域的增长，而且在很大程度上决策着经济增长的能力与潜力。据此，在分析湖南省资源及产业结构优化标准的基础上，提出了充分与合理利用资源的产业对策建议。     

Impact of Fencing on the Recovery of the Ground Flora on Heavily Eroded Slopes of a Deciduous Forest

This paper seeks to outline early stages in the recovery of forest ground flora on eroded slopes impacted by recreation activities and to suggest how these data might be applied in the formulation of management policies for forest recreation areas. Based on a fencing experiment in the Sonian Forest near Brussels, we investigated whether, over a 6-year period, the vegetation was able to recover after having been destroyed by recreation use. Short-term trends in overall species composition were already observable during this 6-year study. Species recovery on eroded hills was related to slope, aspect, and soil type. During the considered time scale, the proportion of hemicryptophytes and the number of ancient forest species increased significantly. A downward trend was detected for Ellenbergs nitrogen and temperature indexes and for the proportion of therophytes and pioneer plants of disturbed places. Changes in species frequencies suggest six recovery strategies: early, late, expanding, disappearing, transient, and fluctuating species. Aside from seedling reproduction from overstory influences, Luzula sylvatica appeared to be the most resilient of the species identified in the study since this species has the highest global frequency in our sampling plots and has increased its cover during the study period. Study results indicate that (1) protection from recreation has initiated the recovery of species in the herb layer, but (2) it may take a long time before vegetation previously present in the ground flora may recover in both density and species composition.